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Out of the Balkans

Part 1: Out of the Balkans

Chapter 1:
Eleni and Evangelia: Out of Thrace and the Black Sea

Notes

  1. See: The Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names Online. [Return to the text at note 51.]

  2. Map of the European territories occupied by the Ottoman Empire, at its farthest extent in 1606, which shows Wallachia (Walachy) and Moldavia. [Return to the text at note 52.]

  3. Ferdinand Schevill, The History of the Balkan Peninsula, from the Earliest Times to the Present Day (New York,: Harcourt Brace and Company, 1922), 356. [Return to the text at note 53.]

  4. Leften Stavros Stavrianos, The Balkans since 1453 (New York: New York University Press, 2000), 320, 21. [Return to the text at note 54.]

  5. Tonight, May 4, 2002, as I edited this page, Moslem Palestinians terrorists (freedom fighters?) are trapped in the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, surrounded by Israeli tanks and troops. Christian clergy and nuns are hostage. The Middle East seems never to change. [Return to the text at note 55.]

  6. Map of presentday Bulgaria, showing locations of Burgas and Varna on the Black Sea coast. [Return to the text at note 56.]

  7. The name Capidaglis has several variants in documents. Among them are: Kapidaghli, Kapidaglis, Kapidogli and Capidagli. Konstantinos is transliterated as Constantinos. [Return to the text at note 57.]

  8. The same pass (located north of Kazanlak and south of Gabravo) that Alexander the Great crossed in his first great campaign as leader of the Macedonians against the Danubian Getae tribe. [Return to the text at note 58.]

  9. San Stefano is now the Turkish City of Yesilköy, located approximately seven miles west of Istanbul on the Sea of Marmara. [Return to the text at note 59.]

  10. Roumelia is also spelled Rumelia, Romylia and Rumylia. The region is sometimes referred to as Romania in historic documents and antique maps. [Return to the text at note 60.]

  11. Photo of Constantinos Capidaglis, "Generalis", circa 1878. [Return to the text at note 61.]

  12. Nikos Kazantzakis, Zorba the Greek (New York,: Simon and Schuster, 1969). [Return to the text at note 62.]

  13. Laskarina Bouboulina was a naval hero in the war for Greek independence (1821-1828). She is one of the great female businesswomen, leaders and warriors in history. [Return to the text at note 63.]

  14. Schevill, The History of the Balkan Peninsula, from the Earliest Times to the Present Day, 430. [Return to the text at note 64.]

  15. Eleni's marriage, the name of her husband, his profession and the cause of his sudden death and disappearance are all open questions. The version of the story considered most plausible is related here. See Appendix A for the basis of this conclusion. [Appendix A of this book is available on CD.] [Return to the text at note 65.]

  16. At the time the Balkans observed the Julian calendar. In 1923 the Eastern Orthodox Church replaced the Julian calendar with a form of the Gregorian in order to make consistent the calendar in the Balkans with that of Western Europe. Thirteen days were added to the dates of the Eastern Orthodox calendar, thus 26 October became 8 November. However, Evangelia continued to celebrate her birthday on the feast day of Saint Demetrios, 26 October.
     
    The term  Eastern Orthodox  encompasses the national Orthodox churches of Greece, Russia, Serbia, Bulgaria, etc. [Return to the text at note 66.]

  17. In Orthodox Christian countries, individuals traditionally celebrate their name day, not their birthday. All those named after The Annunciation of the Virgin (i.e., Evangelos, Evangelia, etc.: the good news of the coming of the Savior) celebrate their name day on 25 March. Orthodox Parishes named after the Annunciation also celebrate this feast day. [Return to the text at note 67.]

  18. In the late nineteenth century the crime and corruption filled district of tenements and slaughterhouses between Fourteenth and Fifty-second Streets, from west of Eighth Avenue to the Westside waterfront was known as "Hell's Kitchen." The neighborhood, home to notorious gangs, was later defined as extending from Thirty-fourth to Fifty-ninth Streets and from Eighth Avenue to the Hudson River. [Return to the text at note 68.]

  19. Phanariotes were members of the principal Greek families who lived in the Greek quarter of Constantinople, called the Phanar ("Lighthouse"), home to the Patriarch. Many served in senior administrative positions in the Ottoman civil bureaucracy, or were the wealthy merchant class of the seventeenth, eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. They had great influence at the Patriarchate of the Orthodox Church. [Return to the text at note 69.]

  20. For an excellent account of Greek life in the cities of the Black Sea see: Marianna Koromila, In the Trail of Odysseus (Norwich: Michael Russell, 1994). [Return to the text at note 70.]

  21. An Exarch is Eastern Orthodox Bishop ranking below the Patriarch and above a Metropolitan and is the head of a church independent of the Patriarchate of Constantinople. [Return to the text at note 71.]

  22. Map, available on CD. [Return to the text at note 72.]

  23. Map, available on CD. [Return to the text at note 73.]

  24. Map of the Volos area in Greece, showing the Euxeinopolos settlement for refugees from the Burgas region. Euxeinopolis is also spelled Efxinoupolis. [Return to the text at note 74.]

  25. Moses Capon, et al., The Story of a Civilization, Magnesia (Athens, Greece: M. and R. Capon, 1982). Euxeinoupolis is also spelled Efxinoupoli, Efxinoupolis. [Return to the text at note 75.]


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